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Patented June 30,, 31233 MTED sarArss PATE Mr OFFICE- Annonnm. coLLINs, or WILMINGTON, DELAWARE, ASSIGNOR '20 E. I. no ron r nn moons & coMrANY, or WILMINGTON, DELAWARE, A conron rIon or DELA- ARE Io Drawing.

This invention relates to the art of coating compositions and, more particularly, to coating compositions containing synthetic drying oils and articles coated therewith. A Although drying oils, such" as linseed-and China wood. oil, and varnishes made -from' them, yield films of excellent flexibility, ad-' hesion, durability, and resistance -tothe action of water,'these oils and varnishes dry and harden too slowly to-be advantageously used for many purposes where'speed is an important consideration. Accordingly, they are being replaced, to some extent, by nitro-' cellulose lacquers which, however, have the disadvantage of being more costly. Furthermore, since the dryin oils now knownare all derived from vegeta le or animal products, many of which are brought from foreign countries, their cost and availability are sub- ,ao'ject to considerable variation.

I have found that polymers of highly unsaturated hydrocarbons, such as divinyl acetylene, have the general characteristics of drying oil but possess numerous advantages 26thereover, and may be used to form coating A compositions which are superior to those heretofore in use.

It is therefore an object of my invention. to provide new and improvedeoating com- 80 positions.

It is another object of my invention to provide coating compositions which are completely resistant to the action of water, organic solvents, stron acids and alkalies'. It is a further ob ect of my invention to 1 provide articles coated with my new coating The dibutyl phthalate improves the flexibilcompositions.

Withthe above and other objects in view, which will be apparent as the description 412 proceeds, I have set forth In invention in the following specification an have included the following examples by way 01' illustra-- tion and not as a limitation.

$5 Example 1 A polymerizationproduct of a mixture of divinyl acetylene and a tetramer of acetylene is used directly, or after dilution with up to of xylene, as a coating composi- 50 tion. The resulting films possess satisfactory ooArme comrosrrions AND ARTICLES ooA'rED THEREWITB Application filed August7, 1929. Serial No. 384,239.

flexibility for various uses, such as furniture I finishes. A

' Example 2 A polymerization product of a mixture of the hydrocarbons obtained by the reduction of one molecule of divinyl acetylene with 2 molecules of hydrogen is used directly, or after dilution with up to 50% of xylene, as a coating composition. The resulting films possess satisfactory flexibility [for various uses, such as-furniture finishes.

. Example 3 500 grams of a 50% xylene solution of'a mixture of the polymerizable polymers of dlvinyl acetylene and a tetramer of acetylene is mixed with 25 grams of-oleie acid. Eilms formed from the resulting mixture are more flexible thanthose formed from the polymers EwampZe 4 alone.

weight of unchanged divinyl acetylene is.

mixed with 25 gramsof oleic acid. The resulting'films are of the same flexibility as those of Example 3.

Example 5 500 grams of a solution of polymerized acetylene polymers, similar to that used in Example 3, is mixed with 25 grams of dibut 1 phthalate and then ground in a pebble mill with 350 grams of zincoxide for 2 days.

ity of the resulting white enamel.

' Exam Z6 6' 500- grams of a solution of polymerized acetylene polymers, such as used in Example 3, is mixed with 25 grams of China wood oil, and 25 grams of ester gum dissolved in 25 grams of xylene. The resulting films have bottom-flexibility than those of Example 2.

Example '7' 500 grams of a solution of polymerized acetylene polymers, such as used in Example 3 and containing approximately 50% of filmforming material, is mixed with 100 grams of a 50% solution of metastyrene in xylene. Theresulting composition is more viscous and therefore-more suitable for application .by

brushing than that of Example 3. The films also show improved adhesion to metal.

Example 8 500 grams of a 50% butyl acetate solution of a mixture of the polymerizable polymers of divinyl acetylene and a tetramer of acetylene is mixed with 25 grams of meta styrene.

dissolved in 50 grams of butyl acetate. The

- Example 7.

resulting coating composition has a viscosity and an adhesion to metal similar to those of I Example .9

To 1000 grams of a solution of film-forming polymers, such as used in Example 3 and containing 50% of film-forming material, 0.5 grams of eugenol is added. The resulting composition shows a reduced tendency to set to a gel on long storage in contact with air.

The divinyl acetylene referred to above is preferably prepared by mixing .945 parts by weight of ammonium chloride, 1000 parts by weight of water, 2850 parts by weight of cuprous chloride, and 100 parts by weight of copper powder, and agitating this mixture thoroughly while passing into it acetylene gas. When the reaction slows up, as shown 7 by a decrease in the rate of absorption of acetylene, the operation is discontinued, and:-

the highly unsaturated hydrocarbon product formed is obtained by distillation, which is stopped when the condensed hydrocarbon is mixed with much water. The water is separated and returned to the reaction mass which, after c0oli'ng,is ready for the absorption of more acetylene. It is preferable,'although not essential, to keep the reaction temperature at approximately 25 C. by suitable cooling .of the reaction mass.

In the preparation of divinyl acetylene by the method indicated above the resulting product contains a tetramer of acetylene in amounts of from 25-40%, the higher amounts of the tetramer being obtained when part of the divinyl acetylene is removed by distillas tion.

The divinyl acetylene and other hydrocarbons thus obtained may be converted into synthetic drying oil in various ways, as set forth in my co-pending application Serial No.

384,238 filed of even date herewith, but two suitable methods, for purposes of illustration, are as follows:

Process A 1000 grams of pure divinyl acetylene is boiled at atmospheric pressure and in the presence oi air for 4 hours in a vessel provided with a condenser for the return of the condensed vapors to the reaction. The temperature of the boiling liquid is between 85 and 90 C. At the end of 4 hours the unchanged divinyl acetylene is distilled off under reduced pressure. There remains, in 12- to' 18% yield, a viscousnon-volatile residue having the general properties of a bodied drying'oil and consisting of the polymerized divinyl acetylene. This may be thinned to a viscosity suitable for application by brushing, spraying, etc. by the addition of solvent naphtha. 4

Process 1000 grams of crude divinylacetylene containing 25% of a tetramer of acetylene is boiled at 7 580 O., at atmospheric pressure,

under a reflux condenser and inan atmosphere of nitrogen for 5 hours. The resulting solution of polymers in unchanged hydrocarbons is used directly or is treated as follows: 1000 grams of xylene is added and the mixture is subjected to fractional distillation invacuo. The unchanged portion of theoriginal ma terial may thus be almost completely removed, leaving most of the xylene behind as a solvent for the resulting synthetic drying oil, This solution is a clear reddish orange liquid of relatively low viscosity, having good drying properties and usually requiring no thinni before use. The yield is ap roximately 50 a based on the original acety ene mixture and this yield is independent of the optional treat-- ment with xylene.

I have found that the resen'ce' of the tetramer, which is believe to be butadienyl vinyl acetylene, is desirable inasmuch as it increasesthe yield ofsynthetic drying oil.

Although the above examples are limited to the use of divinyl acetylene and a tetramer of acetylene, and reduction products of divinyl acetylene, other unsaturated hydrocarbons, such as other polymerizable polymers of acetylene and other partial reduction products containing, at least two unsaturated bonds, or the homologs or isomers of these compounds, maybe used. Thus I may emtylene to a. mixture containing such com-.

pounds as divinyl ethylene, vinyl ethyl ethylens, and vinyl ethyl acetylene, and then polymerize this mixture. Hydrocarbons dis cussed in this paragraph will be referred to generally as polymerizablealiphatic hydrocarbons containing at least two unsaturated bends although the preferred hydrocarbons,

' as indicated in the examples, contain three unsaturated bonds.

As indicated by the above examples, the synthetic drying oils obtained may be used 1n a wide variety of coating com ositions,

either directly or after mixture with other substances. In either'case, the material may be applied by brushing, spraying, dipping,

or any other method of application used for varnishes and lacquers, and the resulting films are completely resistant to the action of water,

organic solvents, strong acids and alkalies. In order that the synthetic drying oils may be used to form the most desirable coating compositions, I may control their flexibility, viscosity, and drying characteristics either during or after polymerization. Thus, the flexibility may be increased by the addition of rubber softeners, such as oleic acid used in Example 3 above. The viscosity may be increased by the addition of synthetic resins,

like meta styrene, or other viscous, film-forming material which is compatible with the advantageous some cases to add asmall amount of an a.nti0xidant,,e. g., eugenol, in

, natural gums, synthetic resins,

' erization' step 1 hand, if desired, the unchanged original ma-g terial may be allowed to remain in contact synthetic drying oils, or it may be decreased by dilution with solvents, such as xylene, acetone or butyl acetate, in the usual manner, or by the addition of small amounts of amines.

These synthetisrdrying oils dry and harden in thin films, without substantial loss of weight (not over 1%), on exposure to air'at ordinary or elevated temperatures. The rate at which the films dry the additionof driers, such as soluble compounds of lead, cobalt,-andman anese. Because of the rapid absorption 0 oxygen by these synthetic drying oils, it has been found torderjto reduce the tendency to skin and solidify in the container. The amount of antioxidant used is controlled so that it does not alter the thin drying rate ,to an objectionable degree for practical Ipurposes. The properties of the films ay e altered further by the admixture 0 natural drying oils, and the like. Pigments and other coloringmaterialls may I also be incorporated the usual methods.

- If the unchanged portion of the .ori 'nal material is distilled off after the heat p10 ymin the formation of the synthetic drying oil, the resulting product is a liquid non-volatile polymerization roduct of acetylene, thin films of which will and harden on exposure to air without substantial loss .of weight (not over 1%) On the other with the polymer and the mixture usedin coating compositions. In the latter event, the unchanged material may replace a por-' tion of the solvent which would otherwise used in the coating composition.

It will therefore be apparent that have may be increased by J developed a new class of coating composi tions which form films that dry more rapidly and harder than films containing natural drying oils, andthat'these films are com- 7 pletely resistant to the action of water, organic solvents, strong acids and alkalies when they contain the proportions of acetylene polymers set forth herein or greater proportions of these polymers.

No. claims are made herein to the synthetic 'ordlnary temperatures.

As many apparently widely difi'erent embodiments of this invention may be made without departing from the s irit and scope thereof, it is to be understoo that I do notlimit myself to the specific embodiments thereof except as defined in the appended patent claims. q

1. A. coating composition mixture including as an in dient a preformed dryin oil which is a polymerization product of acet lene.

2. A coating composition mixture includ ing as an ingredient a preformed dry ng oil which is a liquid non-volatile o ain polymerizationproduct of a material containing divinyl acetylene. I

3. A coating composition mixture 'cluding as an ingredient a preformed oil which is a liquid non-volatile open chainv polymerization product of. a material con-j taining divinyl acetylene and a tetramer of acetylene.

4. A coating eomp lioomprisingi 114 acetylene drying oiljwhich is a liquid non-volatile open chain polymerization product 'of and other film-forming material. 5. A coating composition comprising drying? oil which is a liquid non-volatile ope chain a polymerization product of acetylene;

other film-forming luent. I

. 6. A coating composition comprising a so.- lutioncontaining at least 50% of an'open chain polymerized acetylene polymer.

7. A coating synthetic oily material, and added non-volatile pol erizable polymer of a hydrocarbon containing at least 3 Y two unsaturated bonds, said polymer being .when heated to 100 0., at aiquid non-volatile open 0 ain composition comprising a' adapted to harden without substantial loss in weight on exposure to air.

8. A coating composition comprisin in admixture a synthetic drying oil, whic is a liquid non-volatile open chain polymeriza-. tion product of acetylene, and a natural drying oil. 9. A coating composition comprising in admixture a s thetic drying oil, which is a liquid non'-vo atile open chain polymerizatiflm product of acetylene, and China wood 01 10. A coating composition comprising in admixture a synthetic drying oil, which is a 'liquid non-v0 atile open chain polymerization product "of acetylene and a synthetic resin.

11. A coating composition comprising in admixture a synthetic drying oil, which is a liquidnon-yolatile open chain polymerization product of acetylene, and meta styrene.

' 12. A coating composition comprisingl in admixture a-synthetiedrying oil, whic is liquid non-volatile open chain polymerization product of acetylene, and a natural gum.

- :13. A coating-composition comprisin in admixturea syn'theic drying oil, whic is a liquid non-volatile open chain polymerization-product of acetylene, and ester gum.

- 10 In testimony whereof, I afiix m signature.

- ARNOLD M. GSLLINS. 

